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Continent: Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most-populous continent (behind Asia in both categories). At about 30.3 million km (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20% of its land area.
With 1.2 billion people as of 2016, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. The
continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to
the north, the Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea to
the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and
the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes
Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54
fully recognised sovereign states (countries), nine
territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition. The majority of the
continent and its countries are in the Northern
Hemisphere, with a substantial portion and number of
countries in the Southern Hemisphere.
Africa's average population is the youngest amongst all the continents; the median age in 2012 was 19.7, when the worldwide median age was 30.4.
Algeria is Africa's largest country by area, and Nigeria
is its largest by population. Africa, particularly central
Eastern Africa, is widely accepted as the place of
origin of humans and the Hominidae clade (great
apes), as evidenced by the discovery of the earliest
hominids and their ancestors as well as later ones
that have been dated to around 7 million years ago,
including
Sahelanthropus tchadensis, Australopithecus
africanus, A. afarensis, Homo erectus, H. habilis and H.
ergaster—the earliest Homo sapiens (modern human), found in Ethiopia, date to circa 200,000 years ago.
Africa straddles the equator and encompasses
numerous climate areas; it is the only continent to
stretch from the northern
temperate to southern
temperate zones.
Source:
Africa
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